Disfagia secundaria a arteria subclavia derecha aberrante / Dysphagia secondary to aberrant right subclavian artery

El arco aórtico izquierdo con arteria subclavia derecha aberrante (ARSA) es la anomalía más frecuente del arco aórtico. El diagnóstico prenatal mediante ecocardiografía ha permitido su diagnóstico precoz, pero sigue siendo generalmente un diagnóstico incidental. La mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos, pero una proporción de pacientes cursa con disfagia de predominio para sólidos. En menor medida puede provocar fallo de medro o clínica respiratoria por compresión extrínseca de la vía aérea. El diagnóstico se suele realizar mediante estudio esófago-gastroduodenal con contraste baritado, y otras técnicas útiles son la tomografía computarizada (TC) y la resonancia magnética (RM) con angiografía, así como el ecocardiograma con Doppler color. El tratamiento de elección en pacientes sintomáticos es la cirugía

Left aortic arch with aberrant right subclavian artery is the most frequent anomaly of the aortic arch. Prenatal diagnosis through echographic imaging has allowed early diagnosis, but the entity still remains mainly an incidental finding. Most cases are asymptomatic, but a subset of patients suffer from dysphagia with the intake of solid food. In a small percentage it can cause poor weight gain or respiratory symptoms secondary to extrinsic compression of the airway. Diagnosis relies usually in oesophagography with barium contrast, although computerized tomography and magnetic resonance with angiography have also shown to be useful, as well as echocardiogram with colour Doppler. Surgery is the preferred treatment option for symptomatic patients

Impact of Aquatic Exercise on Respiratory Outcomes and Functional Activities in Children with Neuromuscular Disorders: Findings from an Open-Label and Prospective Preliminary Pilot Study.

Neuromuscular disorders (NMD) lead to the progressive loss of motor and respiratory functions and a decline in daily activities and participation. We aimed to evaluate respiratory changes and functional outcomes in children attending an aquatic therapy program. Eleven patients diagnosed with NMD (4-18 years, Vignos scale 1-9) were involved in a 10-week aquatic exercise program. The ventilation variables were: peak cough flow, volumes (forced expiratory volume in one second-FEV1 and inspiratory volume) and respiratory pressures to evaluate strength and oxygen saturation (O2 sat). Functional skills were measured in the aquatic environment (Water Orientation Test Alyn 1) and on dry land, (Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory), together with quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory). Our evaluation included several 2 × 6 mixed-model repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with time (baseline, post 1 session, pre-post at five weeks and pre-post at 10 weeks). Important improvements in functional skills were observed in and out of the water and children under the age of 11 displayed a significant difference for inspirational volume (p = 0.002) and O2 sat (p = 0.029). Clinical, statistically insignificant changes were found for peak cough flow and expiratory pressures values after aquatic exercise. These results may support a relationship between aquatic exercise in NMD, respiratory outcomes and functional activities in water and on land.